Frankenstein :: essays research papers

How poop I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? (Shelley, 42) In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein, who has spent two long years laboring in Ingolstadt to create this scientific marvel cognize only as the monster, wrongly assumes that his creation is pure evil. Frankenstein reaches this conclusion without even allowing the monster to demonstrate his kind heart. Eventually, the monster goes on a mass cleanup spree because of Victors detrimental psychological neglect. Victors neglect is caused by his hatred of anyone who is unlike himself. Victor also disregards the monsters right to a true name, only referring to him using despicable names, such as wretch, thing, and catastrophe. Thus, the monsters humane qualities, including compassion, loyalty, and intelligence contrast to the wretched traits of his creator, do the horrible references much more suitable for Victor. Unlik e Victor, the monster shows great compassion despite his appalling appearance. For instance, he demonstrates his turn in for others during his time spent detect Felix and Agatha while in the village. He wishes to return to the cottagers, whose story excited in him such various feelings of indignation, delight, and wonder, but which all terminated in additional love and reverence for his protectors (106) Even though the monster had never actually met the De Lacey family, his ability to feel compassion is proven through his love of them only for their wonderful hearts and kind actions. In doing this, he shows more love for a family of strangers than Victor could ever have for his own family. He also demonstrates unconditional love for these protectors by not killing Felix during their fight. On the contrary, Victor shows a lack of compassion for his creation after the monster requested a female companion. In reception to the monsters patient, rational inquiry, Victor exclaims, Shal l I create another like yourself, whose joint wickedness might desolate the world. Begone (130) In this senseless refusal of a sincere request, Victor proves once and for all that his true feelings for the monster are those of unjustified hatred and scorn. He has no basis for these feelings other than that of his undying prepossess against the monster. As a result of the opposing emotions illustrated by maker and creation, both are in constant conflict with each other and therefore can never live in harmony.

Compare two poems by wilfed owen Essay -- essays research papers

Compare two poems by Wilfred Owen, showing how they reflected contemporary attitudes to the Great War. Refer closely to verbiage and poetic techniques. World War 1 broke out in 1914. At the beginning of the war, there was a great feeling of patriotism and enthusiasm. unsalted men were eager to join the armed forces, as they thought the glory and heroism of war would be enjoyable. Fighting in France was expected to be an fire adventure. Thousands of men joined so they would have the honor of serving their Queen and country. Underage age boys lied about their age in order to join, which showed that the incline people thought the war would be won and over quickly. Many patriotic poems and songs were written which encouraged the war effort even more. However, by 1917 the reliable horror and cruelty of fighting in the war was unveiled. The soldiers experienced true pain, hardship and psychological damage. For those who were left in England, there was huge grief for the saveton of life, and peoples attitudes to the war changed dramatically. Wilfred Owen was a teacher who fought from the begging of the Great War. Owen himself displayed a contrasting attitude as the war progressed through his poems. earlier he signed up, he shared the view of the British public, and wrote Ballad of Peace and war in 1914. He thought that peace was good but it was better to fight for the country. By 1917, his poetry had changed from blind patriotic disillusion and encouragement, to bitterness and anger. Dulce et Decorum Est, and Disabled were poems he wrote during his duration in Craig Lockheart hospital, where he was crucifixion from shell shock. He had seen the tragedy and graphic brutality of trench warfare, and the trauma he had seen and experienced had sunk in. Both the poems focus on one main(prenominal) person or event. Wilfred Owen wrote these poems to highlight the reality of war, they were protest poems to propaganda declaring fighting for soldiers as an honor. Disa bled focuses on a dingle victim of war, now disabled and in a wheelchair, spending his life in an institute, lonely and unloved. The emphasis of the poem is the tragic consequences of war, and the earthly concerns pain and suffering evokes great empathy for the disabled man in the reader. Losing his legs in the war has rob furnish him of his masculinity and youth forever. The message of this poem is t... ..., portrays the man as a hero. Now the man is lonely and unloved, Only a solemn man thanked him and then inquired about his soul. He has been forgotten, and even feels lonely in the institute Why dont they come and put him to bed? Why dont they come? The repetition of the line emphasizes his despair and frustration. Owen talks about the man being happy in the old day, and the detail that now he will never again have the feeling of happiness in a relationship. The man is now a charity flake take whatever pity they may dole. If he had not fought in the war then this would never have happened to him.Owen uses striking images and vivid imagery in both poems to clearly show his anger of people who were disillusioned about war, and to show the harsh reality of war. A sense of pathos runs throughout the poems in the reader for the men. The sarcasm used in Dulce et Decorum est shows Owens passion of getting his point across. Many peoples attitude of war in England had changed drastically by the time Wilfred Owen wrote these two poems. Dulce et Decorum est and Disabled both realistically reflected contemporary attitudes to the Great War at the time they were written.

Essay --

The Evolution of Air Defense Artillerythe time was the late 1800s and the airplane was created and included in that warfare adopted those and made of then warplanes so every country had to make something to defend their lands from the attacks form their respective enemies.The line of anti-aircraft artillery (AA) witch was a detachment from the field artillery by modifying their weapons so that they can be able to reach the low flying aircraft fight their territory.But the term of air defense was introductory used by Great Britain in the year of 1925 by the royal air force. One of the first weapons used in AA was the Gustav Krupp used to shoot down the ballons in the Franco-Prussian War with took place in the 1870.A few years later in atomic number 63 the Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider were created to be used as AA weapons.But here in the US the first anti-aircraft cannon was created by the Admiral Twining the 3/23 caliber hero for the US Navy in 1911.But later on, t he aircraft were also evolving so every country had to evolve their ways to take down their enemies for example...

sleep :: essays research papers

Relationship between Sleep Habits and Personality Types                                                                 Researchers have canvass the affinity between snooze habits and stress, character and stress coping, and temper and sleep habits. unity factor that has been widely overlooked is the relationship between sleep habits and personality types. The purpose of this reflect is to examine a relationship between personality types and sleep habits.Evidence also shows that there is a relationship between personality and sleep. A study conducted by the director of the Sleep Assessment and Advisory receipts at the University of Surrey in England, Chris Idzikowski, proclaimed that ones sleep perplex is related to pe rsonality. Individuals of divers(prenominal) personality types were observed and catorgized as having one of six third estate sleep positions. The results showed that individuals who slept in the fetal position were shy and sensitive categorical on the behind with implements of war down were quiet and reserved on the placement with arms and legs outstretched were suspicious on the side with legs outstretched and arms down were social and easy going flat on the stomach with custody at the side of the head were brash and gregarious and on the back with arms and legs outstretched were unassuming and good listeners. (Idzikowski, 2003)Evidence shows that there is a relationship between the way individuals cope with stress and their sleep habits. Dr. Avi Sadeh conducted a study on students between the ages of 22 and 32 years, where the sleep patterns of the individuals were monitored by actigraphs and daily logs during low-stress and high-stress periods. The low-stress periods were those of mending academic schedules, while the high-stress periods were when the students were applying to graduate schools. Finding those "who tended to focus on their emotions and anguish during the high-stress period were more likely to shorten their sleep, while those who tended to ignore emotions and focus on tasks extended their sleep and shut themselves off from stress." (Sadeh, 2004) . Another study examined the personal effects of personality on sleep patterns under stressors. Subjects between the ages of 21-33 years were monitored for three nights by polygraph recordings of their sleep. The individuals were broken into two separate groups based in psychological tests. The number 1 group used active stress coping mechanisms, causing very littler change in their sleeping patterns. The second group used non-adaptive coping mechanisms, causing their sleep structures to change significantly in response to stress. The study showed that individuals of different perso nalities have different sleep patterns due to the way the cope with stress.sleep essays research papers Relationship between Sleep Habits and Personality Types                                                                 Researchers have studied the relationship between sleep habits and stress, personality and stress coping, and personality and sleep habits. One factor that has been widely overlooked is the relationship between sleep habits and personality types. The purpose of this study is to examine a relationship between personality types and sleep habits.Evidence also shows that there is a relationship between personality and sleep. A study conducted by the director of the Sleep Assessment and Advisory Service at the University of Surrey in England, Chris Idzikowski, proclaimed that ones sleep position is related to personality. Individuals of different personality types were observed and catorgized as having one of six common sleep positions. The results showed that individuals who slept in the fetal position were shy and sensitive flat on the back with arms down were quiet and reserved on the side with arms and legs outstretched were suspicious on the side with legs outstretched and arms down were social and easy going flat on the stomach with hands at the side of the head were brash and gregarious and on the back with arms and legs outstretched were unassuming and good listeners. (Idzikowski, 2003)Evidence shows that there is a relationship between the way individuals cope with stress and their sleep habits. Dr. Avi Sadeh conducted a study on students between the ages of 22 and 32 years, where the sleep patterns of the individuals were monitored by actigraphs and daily logs during low-stress and high-stress periods. The low-stress periods were those of regular academic schedules, while the high-stress periods were when the students were applying to graduate schools. Finding those "who tended to focus on their emotions and anxiety during the high-stress period were more likely to shorten their sleep, while those who tended to ignore emotions and focus on tasks extended their sleep and shut themselves off from stress." (Sadeh, 2004) . Another study examined the effects of personality on sleep patterns under stressors. Subjects between the ages of 21-33 years were monitored for three nights by polygraph recordings of their sleep. The individuals were broken into two separate groups based in psychological tests. The first group used active stress coping mechanisms, causing very little change in their sleeping patterns. The second group used non-adaptive coping mechanisms, causing their sleep structures to change significantly in response to stress. The study showed that individuals of different personalities have different sleep patterns due to the way the cope with stress.

Free Essays - Consequences of Passion in Othello :: Othello essays

Consequences of Passion in Othello   Being too passionate about something or someone, send word sometimes over ride ones good judgement. Too much passion can bring about ever-lasting consequences and regrets. When put into a tense, specific situation, you usually rule make wise choices.  You wont stop and think, what is going on or what is the right thing to do but instead, we let our emotions take over. For instance, in the chance Othello, Othello is passionately in love with his wife and when he hears a disturbing rumor about her, instead of thinking over what he heard or if it is true, he let his jealousy take over his actions.   In Othello, Iago, Othellos dear truthful friend, wants to ruin Othellos life by plaguing his mind of depressing thoughts.  He plans to promulgate Othello that his wife, Desdemona, is cheating on him with his ex-lieutenant, Cassio. At least jealousy so strong that judgment cannot cure. (p. 79, Iago) Othello being passionat ely in love with Desdemona begins to believe the rumors he is told, and it breaks his heart. He is not only envious that his beloved wife would cheat on him with Cassio but that idea of her not loving him, troubled him the most. By heaven, thou echost me/ As if there were some monster in thy thought/ too hideous to be shown. ( W.S, 3.3 121) Othellos emotions begin to grow from jealously to anger.  He has never been heart illogical before and now all his emotions of melancholy is running through his mind. How shall I murder him, Iago? (p. 171, 4.1) Already Othello had sunken in everything Iago had said. Not thinking straight and let his emotions run untamed, he can only think of death as a way to resolve everything. He soon pays for his jealousy rage by taking both his wife and his own life.   In addition, from the play, Iago seems to let his infatuation over seek his reasoning as well. Iago is one of Othellos respectable friends. When Othello, the General, had t o pick a lieutenant, he chose Cassio. Iago was furious at Othellos decision. He wanted to be lieutenant with his dear Othello, but when hearing that he chose Cassio, Iago breaks out like a woman chaser expressing all his fury and resentment.

The Important of Semantics Knowledge in Teaching English

Speech manage hypothesis and the analysis of conversations. Sequencing and interpretation in pragmatic possible operateion Jacques Moeschler Department of Linguistics University of Geneva 1. Introduction Conversation has late become a focus of interest for language act surmise and several proposals have been formulated concerning the possible extension of quarrel act theory to the analysis of conversation. This debate (cf. Searle et al. 1992) has to be interpreted as a reactive come to rather than as a natural extension of the domain of diction act theory.Nevertheless, this reaction, either sceptical (cf. Searle 1992) or optimistic (cf. Dascal 1992, Vanderveken 1992 and 1994), has brought interesting issues which contrast with the various attempts by linguists at extending lyric act theory to the domain of dialogue1 . The starting signal take of this paper is to explicit the divergence between philosophers and linguists about the possible extension of speech act theory to discourse analysis. This paper has an different purpose it also deals with the possible domain of pragmatic theory with respect to discourse analysis.I shall argue that the main purpose of discourse analysis is the definition of necessary and enough 2 MOESCHLER conditions for sequencing and interpretating utterances in discourse. I claim that these twain aspects of discourse (sequencing and interpretation) argon intrinsically related and can non be accounted for independently from each other. I claim furthermore that speech act theory cannot give any insight into the sequencing and interpretation problems, because speech act theory is neither a theory of interpretation (it is a theory of meaning) nor a global theory of action.Finally I show how a radical pragmatic theory (in the Gricean sense) accounts for the sequencing and interpretation problems. 2 2. Speech act theory and conversation There is a common sense argument sh bed by philosophers and linguists in favour of the p ossible extension of speech act theory to discourse analysis. This argument is the interest Speech acts are not isolated moves in converse they appear in more global units of communication, defined as conversations or discourses.Vanderveken (1994, 53) gives an explicit version of this thesis when asserting that speakers perform their illocutionary acts within entire conversations where they are most often in verbal interaction with other speakers who reply to them and perform in turn their own speech acts with the same collective intention to pursue with success a certain type of discourse. Thus, preceding(prenominal) all, the use of language is a social form of linguistic behavior.It consists, in general, of ordered sequences of utterances make by several speakers who tend by their verbal interactions to deliver the goods common discursive goals such as discussing a question, deciding together how to react to a certain situation, negociating, consulting or more simply to exch ange greetings and colloquy for its own sake. For terminological convenience, I will call such ordered sequences of speech acts conversations. SPEECH ACTS AND CONVERSATION 3 The basis of this argument is that conversation is made of sequences of speech acts.This certainly is a plausible theoretical claim3 , but gives rise to a certain number of objections, raised mainly by Searle (1992) in his wondering(a) argument. These objections concern essentially the possible relations between questions and answers in conversation, and can be stated as follows. First of all, questions are defined in speech acts theory as requests for in defining, and as such impose representative acts as replies. But this cannot be correct, since a reply may have another illocutionary agitate (as a promise) if the question is a request for a promise.Secondly, certain questions require a directive as a reply, and not a representative, when the question contains a modal auxiliary verb (cf. the exchange Shall I marry Sally ? Yes, do/ No, dont / *Yes, you shall / *No, you shall not). The third counter-example is given up by indirect reponses, which do not satisfy syntactic conditions, although the answer is pragmatically appropriate. To these three arguments, we could add an even more embarrassing one answer is not a precise illocutionary deplumate, which could be analysed by the seven components of illocutionary force (cf.Searle & Vanderveken 1985). Answer is a functional discursive qualification, but certainly not the semantic definition of a speech act type. These objections make explicit an important difference between the organise of illocutionary acts and the structure of conversation. In speech act theory, and more precisely in illocutionary logic, illocutionary force is de smooth into seven components, which are all necessary conditions for the successful and non defective accomplishment of illocutionary acts.These components (cf. Searle & Vanderveken 1985, 12-20) are the illocutionary point, the degree of strength of the illocutionary point, the mode of achievement of the illocutionary point, the propositional content conditions of the illocutionary act, the preparatory conditions of the illocutionary act, the seriousness conditions of the illocutionary act, and finally the degree of strength of the sincerity conditions. That predictions 4 MOESCHLER bout the sequencing in conversation are difficult to come by follows from the fact that the internal structure of illocutionary acts (and more specifically the set of conditions for success) cannot determine the set of possible replies for any type of illocutionary act. By contrast, discourse analysis, while specifying sequential relations in discourse between speech acts, does not constrain sequencing in conversation depending on the set of possible components of illocutionary force. The constraints are not structural, in the sense of speech act theory, they are on the contrary functional.This means th at the basic structures of conversation (exchanges) are made of lower order conversational units (moves) which carry functional properties. If speech act theory has been used so extensively within this paradigm of discourse analysis4 , it is because the functional properties associated with speech acts as units of meaning have been exported to speech acts as units of communication and discourse. This has several consequences for the description of speech acts within discourse analysis. The inaugural consequence is that the structure of conversation is not only based on a power structure of constituency, but is also functional.To take a classical discourse model (cf. Sinclair & Coulthard 1975), discourse categories (exchange, move, and act) are defined functionally. For instance, an act of ELICITATION is part of a move of ELICITATION, which governs an exchange of ELICITATION. Thus all discourse constituents receive a communicative function, that is, an interactive meaning. But we ar e here far from the conventional and semantic-meaning defining speech acts in speech act theory5 . As we have just noticed, discourse analysis supposes doctrines of constituency which allow interpretive or functional inheritance.If we assume, as above, that an ELICITATION is a two-place predicate relating utterance-units and discourse-units, we must assume too that the functional properties of the smallest discourse units (acts) are inherited by the larger constituents (moves and exchanges). This principle is structurally identical to the projection principle in generative grammar a phrase is a maximal projection of a lexical head (for SPEECH ACTS AND CONVERSATION 5 instance NP is a maximal projection of a N) in discourse, then, an exchange is thus functionally a maximal projection of an act.The principle of functional projection is not a necessary consequence of discourse analysis. Another classical discourse model, the Geneva hierachicalfunctional model (cf. Roulet et al. 1985, Moeschler 1985, Moeschler 1989a) makes a different claim functional values do not stand in a one-to-one relationship with discourse structures. In this model, there is a basic difference between rules of discourse formation and principles of functional interpretation. The structural dimension is based on the following rules of formation R1 Units of type Exchange are made of units of type Move.R1 Exchanges are serene of at least two Moves. R2 Units of type Move are made of units types Act, Move or Exchange. R2 Moves composed by a single Act are well-formed. R2Moves composed by an Act and another discourse-unit type (Move or Exchange) are well-formed. R2 Moves composed by a single Exchange are ill-formed. Thus, the following discourse structures are well-formed (1) a. b. c. where E = exchange, M = move, A = act The structures in (1a-c) are the hierarchical representations corresponding to the following short exchanges in (2)-(4) (2) A B A B A Are you ready ?We can leave. Are you ready ? Why ? We must leave now. (3) 6 B (4) A B A B A MOESCHLER Okay, but when I am in a hurry, I always forget something. Are you ready ? Because we must leave now. Yes I am Good. lets go lets go Okay We can represent the bracketting structures given in (1) by the following tree-schemata (5) (a) E M2 A We can leave. M1 A Are you ready ? (b) E E M2 M M1 M1 M2 M M1 A A A A A A A A A A A A A Are you ready ? Why ? We must leave now. Okay, but when I am in a hurry, I always forget something. (c) M1 E M2 M3 E M2 M3Are you ready ? Because we must leave now. Yes I am Good Lets go Lets go Okay These structures mean that in (5a) the exchange is made of two moves both composed of a single act, in (5b) the exchange is composed of two moves, the second of which is made of an exchange with two moves, and a move composed by an act and a move, and in (5c) the three-move exchange contains in the first gear move an exchange made of three moves. SPEECH ACTS AND CONVERSATION 7 What are the function al counterparts of the structural aspects of conversational discourse ?There are two dimensions of functional properties associated with the structural device the first dimension is a restricted inheritance principle, and the second, a general procedure for assigning interpretation to discourse constituents. The first principle is a principle of functional composition Principle of functional composition (i) Constituents of exchanges bear illocutionary functions. (ii) Constituents of moves bear interactive functions. Definitions (i) Illocutionary functions are of three types endeavour, reactive, and reactive-initiative. (ii) Interactive functions are of two types directive, and subordinate.The first move of an exchange (M1) is always initiative the final move of an exchange is always reactive. For instance M2 in the exchange is the reactive move, and M1 is the initiative move. An inserted move (for example M2 in the structure ) is a reactive-initiative move. A directive (D) cons tituent is of the type move or act, and contains the act from which the move receives its illocutionary function a subordinate (constituent (of rank act, move or exchange) is cancellable, and generally completes, argues for, or justifies the main or directive constituent of the move. We can now ive the complete hierachical-functional structures given in (1) and (5) as (6) and (6) (6) a. b. c. 8 MOESCHLER where E = exchange, sE = subordinate exchange, M = move, sM = subordinate move, dM = directive move, sA = subordinate act, dA = directive act (6) (a) E M2 dA We can leave. M1 dA Are you ready ? (b) E M2 dM sE M1 M1 M 2 dM dA dA dA sA sA dA dA sA dA dA dA dA dA Are you ready ? Why ? We must leave now. Okay, but when I am in a hurry, I always forget something. (c) M1 E M2 M3 sE M1 M2 M3 Are you ready ? Because we must leave now. Yes I am Good Lets go Lets go OkayThe second functional counterpart of the stuctural device is a procedure of interpretation assignment. It is not sufficient to have functional values appoint to discourse constituents required is also to have a procedure governing the assignment of a functional interpretation to each constituent. In other words, the types of structures given in (1), (5) or (6) are syntactic representations of discourse we need in addition a semantics, which can for instance assign to the hierarchical-functional structures given in (6) the following functional interpretations SPEECH ACTS AND CONVERSATION 9 (7) a. b.

Introduction to Marketing M1 and D1

inception to food securities industry placeing Comparing Marketing Techniques in H&Meting Techniques in Hollister and Primark For this assignment I was meant to spell out about Primark and Hollister. I am console basing part of my assignment on Primark. But, I break changed Hollister to H & M as I was unable to receive any information on Hollister The information I found on Hollister the background I couldnt find anything about roles and objectives and how Hollister grocery store the business concern. The information I found on Hollister Hollister is an Ameri base modus viv terminusi scrape.The concept of Hollister was origin each(prenominal)y designed to attract clients between the ages of 14 to 18 as there impairments argon dismantle than the pargonnt stake. Hollister robes barrier was excite by the parent brand SoCal. Hollister point of intersections are available in store across the world and online. Hollister was the second or so preferred fit out on a lis t West Coast companies in 2008. The businesses I engender chosen for this assignment are Primark and H&M. H&M Primark is an Irish vestments retailer, in Ireland Primark is receiven as Penneys.Primark name varied store all around the world such as Portugal, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands unify Kingdom and Belgium. Primarks main military headquarters are in Dublin. Primark first opened in 1969 on Mary Street in Dublin. Primarks boot statement To supply quality clothing at prices perceived to maintain real value. Primarks aims and objectives are * To suffer good quality products to customers. Primark want customers to know that they are an excellent company which provide good products for low prices. Primark achieve this by doing tests on their clothing and product to examine the quality of the goods they transfer. Profit maximization * To sell products and clothing at fair prices. Primark want their customers to have a variety of clothing and product at suitable prices. Primark healthful achieve this aim by looking at what another(prenominal) high street store are sell and reap their prices lower so they stay ahead of their competition. * To be helpful and fri terminationly to customers and other employees. The customer of Primark like the atmosphere at Primark and service pissn this well make them to come back so accordingly Primark well seduce repeat customers. Primark pull up stakes achieve this by come up to the customer as they walk in.By doing this Primark employees create an excellent atmosphere for customers as the greeting makes them feel welcome. * To treat everyone the same. A customer at Primark sine qua nons to feel that they are interact the same as any other customer at Primark. If a customer feel they are being treated differently to someone else they are more likely to shop somewhere else so indeed Primark well retreat customers beca drill the customer who thinks they were treated unfairly will tell their family and f riends about their experience at Primark so word of mouth well have an impact on Primark.H & Ms mission statement The aims and objectives of H & M are H&M aims * To show appreciation. * To encourage long-term commitment. * To agitate future recruitment. * To strengthen H&M as an attractive employer. H&M have three mean merchandiseing objectives the three objectives are * To make the H&M brand notice more well known by doing more promotion subject more advertising. The H&M brand need to be more outstandingly outside of significant cities. In the USA more lot are unaware of what H&M offer.So to nominate more customers and beat their competitors H&M are advertising the brand in different counsel compared to their competition pillowcase H&M membership. If you are a member of H&M you can fit text messages and email ratting customers about the rawest product H&M have. The H&M brand need to be well known as the more people know about the brand, the easier it is to expand such as more stores in more countries. * To focus on the situation which H&Ms regular sale prices are usually lower than their competitors.The second objective of H&M is to focus a role of the advertising to the fact that H&M average sale prices are more regularly lower than their competition. H&M rely on around-the-clock focus on cutting cost. Also the officials in H&M buy the materials as cheaply as possible H&M withal need to keep their overheads low. All the promotements foc utilize on H&Ms low price however good quality products. This helps keeps the H&Ms brand image in a positive light among their teenage customers while still stating that they are good value for money. To use scotch slowdown as a possibility to expand by obtaining more low cost venue and specify for future economic growth. H&M want to expand in the USA by securing low cost venues. As the economic property commercialise gets worse H&M which leases its will find it more straightforward acquiring prime locati ons at excellent period. This will give H&M an advantage when the property market picks back up. H&M use the opportunity to expand to low priced venues for the future climb in the brand There are similarities in the way Primark and H&M market their products for example jeans.Primark market their new collection of jean on the internet by having pop up advertisements on line for example on if you have an email contact sometimes there are advisements. H&M advertise the same way as Primark only when they also have television advertisements advertising for example a new pair of jeans. Also if youre a member of the H&M you get emails to your email ad beautify informing the receiver about any new collections. Primark do give got leaflet or fashion books with the seasons catamenia fashion in which can be found at the store.H&M do give their customer leaflets and booklets informing them of the season current fashion which H&M sell in store. For example the leaflet or booklet could be abo ut all the different images of jeans H&M sell. It is also type advertising. If Primark were to give their customers leaflets and booklets they would gain more customers. H&M do competitions exclusively H&M customers are barely allowed to enter the completion once they have spent a certain amount of money at their store or on line.Primark dont do competitions as their purpose is to gain customers by selling products cheaply. H&M give out vouchers to their customer and also do discounts at the end of season on their clothing this is a great merchandise schema because the customer knows that H&M want to make a profit but they also take the customers The two marketing tools Primark and H&M use are Market Penetration and Market Development. Market keenness is used in Primark and H&M. For example Primark and H&M sell clothing such as jeans tops dress coats jackets e. . which are existing products to existing markets. Using market sharpness is a marketing dodging which the aim is t hat Primark and H&M Primark and H&M both use market phylogenesis because the aim of market development is to sell existing products into new markets. Primark and H&M have opened store around the world. H&M also distribute clothing in different ways. Example they have an order before 3pm and you get the product you ordered the next day. You can also order online and collect at the store which is local to you.Market development is a dangerous strategy compared to market penetration because market development target new customers and markets. To conclude this report I think that branding and (something else) are need in Primark and H & M in order for the business to be successful. Marking strategies are key in business in order to give the business structure. Introduction to Marketing The Effectiveness of Marketing Techniques used by H&M Market penetration are customer know acquire a product.For example if someone was to purchase a limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at H&M . The market would be people in the UK who like limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at H&M. H&M would grow by the rising number of people in the market who have bought the dress at H&M. Market development is when a business sells an existing product to new markets such as new customers. So in the example of the a limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at H&M. H&M could sell limted edtion Anna Dello Russa Rangein America.The product wouldnt have changed, the prouct is just being sold to a different market to different customers. One of the advantages of using market penetration is that H&M would offer lower prices for a specified period to attract new customers. The customers expertness not respond when the normal price returns. But during that period they will get more customers. A disadvantage of using market penetration is that it could leave behind in reduced profitability. As when using market penetration H&M reduce price meaning they may result in mesh being low.If H&M were to dart a new range the r esult in sales may not cover the adversiting coasts and distribution costs. As market penetration seeks to achieve four-spot main objectives what are * To maintain the market share of current products. * Secure dominance of growth markets. * Restructure a mature market by crusade out competitors. * Increase usage by existing customers. The advantage market penetration is that it can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and personal shopper.H&M do all of the strategies listed above they adviste on telvision and online and in local expanse by posters. For the more high end people they even offer a personal shopper service. H&M use market penetration to adviste the business to make it more known for example when H&M advertise they are letting there customers know what products they are selling H&M uses another objective of the market penetration to their advantage by increase usage by existing customers by having a loyalty sche me.H&M offer a store card to their customers when their customers use the store card they get discounts on certain products in the shop. * It identifies what customers want. Market development indenties what customers want. Market development is the summon given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including * refreshing geographical markets for example exporting the product to a new country * New product dimensions or packaging for example New distribution bring (e. g. moving from selling via retail to selling using e-commerce and mail order) * Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments Market development is a more uncivilised strategy than market penetration because of the targeting of new markets. The advantage of using market development is that H&M sell products such as clothing that all ready exists to new customer s/ markets. Another advantage of market development is that H&M are selling clothing to new customers in different countries.The disadvange of doing this is that ecomic changes can happen in the countries which H&M have expand to meaning that they will therefore may lose money and their share holders divident can go down. The disadvange of using market development is that it is risker than using market penetration. The reseach I did to come to the conclusion I have do can be found on these websites and in the books listed below Bevan, John Coupland-Smith, Helen Dransfield, Rob. BTEC Level 3 National Business, Book 1. http//www. penetrating. net/ http//www. s-m-i. net/pdf/Business%20strategyntro. pdfIntroduction to Marketing M1 and D1Introduction to Marketing Comparing Marketing Techniques in H&Meting Techniques in Hollister and Primark For this assignment I was meant to write about Primark and Hollister. I am still basing part of my assignment on Primark. But, I have changed Holli ster to H & M as I was unable to find any information on Hollister The information I found on Hollister the background I couldnt find anything about aims and objectives and how Hollister market the business. The information I found on Hollister Hollister is an American lifestyle brand.The concept of Hollister was originally designed to attract customers between the ages of 14 to 18 as there prices are lower than the parent brand. Hollister clothing line was inspired by the parent brand SoCal. Hollister products are available in store across the world and online. Hollister was the second most preferred clothing on a list West Coast companies in 2008. The businesses I have chosen for this assignment are Primark and H&M. H&M Primark is an Irish clothing retailer, in Ireland Primark is known as Penneys.Primark have different store all around the world such as Portugal, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands United Kingdom and Belgium. Primarks main headquarters are in Dublin. Primark first ope ned in 1969 on Mary Street in Dublin. Primarks mission statement To supply quality clothing at prices perceived to offer real value. Primarks aims and objectives are * To provide good quality products to customers. Primark want customers to know that they are an excellent company which provide good products for low prices. Primark achieve this by doing tests on their clothing and product to examine the quality of the goods they sell. Profit Maximisation * To sell products and clothing at reasonable prices. Primark want their customers to have a variety of clothing and product at suitable prices. Primark well achieve this aim by looking at what other high street store are selling and make their prices lower so they stay ahead of their competition. * To be helpful and friendly to customers and other employees. The customer of Primark like the atmosphere at Primark and service given this well make them to come back so therefore Primark well gain repeat customers. Primark will achieve this by greeting the customer as they walk in.By doing this Primark employees create an excellent atmosphere for customers as the greeting makes them feel welcome. * To treat everyone the same. A customer at Primark needs to feel that they are treated the same as any other customer at Primark. If a customer feel they are being treated differently to someone else they are more likely to shop somewhere else so therefore Primark well lose customers because the customer who thinks they were treated unfairly will tell their family and friends about their experience at Primark so word of mouth well have an impact on Primark.H & Ms mission statement The aims and objectives of H & M are H&M aims * To show appreciation. * To encourage long-term commitment. * To promote future recruitment. * To strengthen H&M as an attractive employer. H&M have three mean marketing objectives the three objectives are * To make the H&M brand name more well known by doing more promotion example more advertising . The H&M brand need to be more outstandingly outside of significant cities. In the USA more people are unaware of what H&M offer.So to gain more customers and beat their competitors H&M are advertising the brand in different way compared to their competition example H&M membership. If you are a member of H&M you can get text messages and email informing customers about the newest product H&M have. The H&M brand need to be well known as the more people know about the brand, the easier it is to expand such as more stores in more countries. * To focus on the fact which H&Ms regular sale prices are usually lower than their competitors.The second objective of H&M is to focus a percentage of the advertising to the fact that H&M average sale prices are more regularly lower than their competition. H&M rely on nonstop focus on cutting cost. Also the officials in H&M buy the materials as cheaply as possible H&M also need to keep their overheads low. All the advertisements focusing on H&Ms lo w price but good quality products. This helps keeps the H&Ms brand image in a positive light among their teenage customers while still stating that they are good value for money. To use economic slowdown as a possibility to expand by obtaining more low cost venue and prepare for future economic growth. H&M want to expand in the USA by securing low cost venues. As the economic property market gets worse H&M which leases its will find it more straightforward acquiring prime locations at excellent period. This will give H&M an advantage when the property market picks back up. H&M use the opportunity to expand to low priced venues for the future climb in the brand There are similarities in the way Primark and H&M market their products for example jeans.Primark market their new collection of jean on the internet by having pop up advertisements on line for example on if you have an email contact sometimes there are advisements. H&M advertise the same way as Primark but they also have te levision advertisements advertising for example a new pair of jeans. Also if youre a member of the H&M you get emails to your email address informing the receiver about any new collections. Primark do give got leaflet or fashion books with the seasons current fashion in which can be found at the store.H&M do give their customer leaflets and booklets informing them of the season current fashion which H&M sell in store. For example the leaflet or booklet could be about all the different types of jeans H&M sell. It is also type advertising. If Primark were to give their customers leaflets and booklets they would gain more customers. H&M do competitions but H&M customers are only allowed to enter the completion once they have spent a certain amount of money at their store or on line.Primark dont do competitions as their purpose is to gain customers by selling products cheaply. H&M give out vouchers to their customer and also do discounts at the end of season on their clothing this is a great marketing strategy because the customer knows that H&M want to make a profit but they also take the customers The two marketing tools Primark and H&M use are Market Penetration and Market Development. Market penetration is used in Primark and H&M. For example Primark and H&M sell clothing such as jeans tops dress coats jackets e. . which are existing products to existing markets. Using market penetration is a marketing strategy which the aim is that Primark and H&M Primark and H&M both use market development because the aim of market development is to sell existing products into new markets. Primark and H&M have opened store around the world. H&M also distribute clothing in different ways. Example they have an order before 3pm and you get the product you ordered the next day. You can also order online and collect at the store which is local to you.Market development is a dangerous strategy compared to market penetration because market development target new customers and marke ts. To conclude this report I think that branding and (something else) are need in Primark and H & M in order for the business to be successful. Marking strategies are key in business in order to give the business structure. Introduction to Marketing The Effectiveness of Marketing Techniques used by H&M Market penetration are customer know purchase a product.For example if someone was to purchase a limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at H&M . The market would be people in the UK who like limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at H&M. H&M would grow by the rising number of people in the market who have bought the dress at H&M. Market development is when a business sells an existing product to new markets such as new customers. So in the example of the a limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at H&M. H&M could sell limted edtion Anna Dello Russa Rangein America.The product wouldnt have changed, the prouct is just being sold to a different market to different customers. One of the advantages of using mark et penetration is that H&M would offer lower prices for a specified period to attract new customers. The customers might not respond when the normal price returns. But during that period they will get more customers. A disadvantage of using market penetration is that it could result in reduced profitability. As when using market penetration H&M reduce pricing meaning they may result in profits being low.If H&M were to launch a new range the result in sales may not cover the adversiting coasts and distribution costs. As market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives what are * To maintain the market share of current products. * Secure dominance of growth markets. * Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors. * Increase usage by existing customers. The advantage market penetration is that it can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and personal shopper.H&M do all of the strategies listed above they adviste o n telvision and online and in local area by posters. For the more high end people they even offer a personal shopper service. H&M use market penetration to adviste the business to make it more known for example when H&M advertise they are letting there customers know what products they are selling H&M uses another objective of the market penetration to their advantage by increase usage by existing customers by having a loyalty scheme.H&M offer a store card to their customers when their customers use the store card they get discounts on certain products in the shop. * It identifies what customers want. Market development indenties what customers want. Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including * New geographical markets for example exporting the product to a new country * New product dimensions or packaging for example New distri bution channels (e. g. moving from selling via retail to selling using e-commerce and mail order) * Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments Market development is a more risky strategy than market penetration because of the targeting of new markets. The advantage of using market development is that H&M sell products such as clothing that all ready exists to new customers/ markets. Another advantage of market development is that H&M are selling clothing to new customers in different countries.The disadvange of doing this is that ecomic changes can happen in the countries which H&M have expand to meaning that they will therefore may lose money and their share holders divident can go down. The disadvange of using market development is that it is risker than using market penetration. The reseach I did to come to the conclusion I have made can be found on these websites and in the books listed below Bevan, John Coupland-Smith, Helen Dransfie ld, Rob. BTEC Level 3 National Business, Book 1. http//www. penetrating. net/ http//www. s-m-i. net/pdf/Business%20strategyntro. pdf

The Reason of Marshall Plan

In June 5th, 1947, Marshall decl bed a famous speech in Harvard University. The idea of providing sparing aid to the all atomic number 63 came on the scene. Between 1948 and the end of 1951, United States channeled $12. 3 billion aid to westernern atomic number 63 including grants, loans and in-kind transfer. The effects of Marshall computer programme are all-encompassing, for example, contributing to the cold war, helping the convalescence of atomic number 63an economy and European integration. Someone called in question about its necessity, someone embraced it as the deliverer of the world.It is wondered what is the deep reason that pushed America to launch the think. Though many scholars have written about this topic, this paper provide call for reassessment of the existing books based on recent findings, new methodologies. This essay will specifically argue that the main reasons of the launch of Marshall propose are the threats of socialism and the interweaving touchs n etwork of America and Europe. In the first part, it will display the urgency of 1947 European crisis. In the next part, it will focus on the threats from the communism and inferred with the Truman doctrine declared beforehand.Next, it will analyze the short-term and long-term interests that America could gain from the syllabus. After the World War II, the Europe showed a sign of prodigal convalescence at the beginning, and soon faced with increasingly worsening situation. Within several months after the war, through large scale re grammatical construction of the infrastructure, the industry aged quickly. People were drowned in the prospect of peace and happiness of a fresh start. However, the limits on the raw material and lack of the energy supply constrained the recovery soon.Further worse, during the winter of 1947, because of the threatening snow, roads, bridges, rail links, and water ways were impassible, hindering the obtaining of raw material and transportation of the p roducts. The thawing snows also flooded coal mines, making the toil of steel fell backward significantly. The summer of same year, was called the hottest and driest since records began, and the drought reduced supplies of hydroelectric power. Disillusionment of hopes and desperation hung over peoples hearts. The European crisis of 1947 was more(prenominal) than the misfortune of natural disaster.The disappearance of Germany from the economy is a deeper reason beneath the desperation. During pre-war period, Germany was the main market of European economy. By 1939, the Germany held 38% of Greece exports and one third imports. During pre-war period, the German Ruhr area exported large amounts of coal to France used for the production of steel. Substitute for Germany, America became the main exporting country to Europe. However, another problem came, the dollar crisis. Most European countries imported large amounts of food, coal and raw materials from America, but they have nothing to sell back.France carried $2049 million of payment deficit for buying coal from America annually. The heavy national debts carried by the country brought about the inflation and eroded the confidence of currency. Marshall said in his radio speech the patient is sinking epoch the doctors deliberate. So I believe that action cannot await compromise through exhaustion. New issues arise daily. Whatever action is possible to meet these pressing problems must(prenominal) be taken without delay. Marshall cl demanded that the severe of crisis of Europe and the disagreement between two blocks pushed Marshall or the America to make such choice.Though the fancy was initially directed to both eastern and western European countries, it is argued that Marshall knew the refusal of Soviet Union in advance, because soviet had been always against any activity of Germany industry construction and stressed the importance of reparation. Hitchcock argued in his article that the primary trigger of the Marshall Plan was the failure of American policy in occupied Germany and the ambition of the European recovery developed later. In addition to the frugal crisis, the political situation was especially not going well for America.The initial hope for fast recovery was downgraded into the desperation of living. The situation of capitalism was between the beetle and the block . The failure of post-war government turned out to provide a good opportunity for communists. especially students and working class valued the communism as the only party that could bring a totally different world, create a classless society. As Kenan wrote in his memoir, the pall of fear hanging over Europe in 1947 was preparing the continent to fall, like a ripe fruit, into Stalins hands. America used the political program as an stinting barrier to soviet expansion. As said in a CIA report in April, 1947, The greatest danger to the security of united states is the hatchway of economic collapse in western Euro pe and the consequence accession to power of communist element. Looking back the Europe in 1957, there are guessing that at best, the Europe would be in decades of poverty and struggle at worst, Europe will collapse back into civil war, fascism and communism. Truman doctrine is released before the Marshall computer programme and closely related to the plan.In 1947, March, President Truman told the US congress to help submit peoples to maintain in their free institutions and their national integrity against strong-growing movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian imposed on free peoples, by direct or indirect aggression, undermine the foundation of outside(a) peace and hence the security of the united states. The Truman doctrine was declared as a proposal to provide economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey for fighting against local communists, or as he named, totalitarianism.Compared with Trum an doctrine, Marshall Plan focused more on the economic aid and the recovery of Europe. However, there is still similar intention between these two plans. If the Truman doctrine is the explicit counterattack to the soviet expansion, the Marshall plan is the unuttered one. The short-term interests of the plan, which were not so vital to America, however, were worth to mention. It has claimed by Americans that the primary intention of the plan is good-will for the recovery of Europe and soviet expansion urged them to establish the plan as soon as possible.However, there were also suspicions that the act of America was just self-serving and America was using Europe as an outlet for their goods. What is more, in some areas, the aid plan was not welcomed. It will be argued here that the short-term interests of the plan could be nearly negligible when compared with other reasons. The products were given for free from America and what American people can directly gain profits from is that all goods were distributed through American ships and were uploaded by the American dock man. The interweaving interests of America and Europe are prime reason behind the aunch of Marshall Plan. The sink of Europe or the sovietization of Europe did more than harm to America and like domino effects, it will threat the whole Americas safety. The primary concern for the plan is the safety and long-term development of the United States. Between the end of war and the declaration of the plan, there already were loan plans from America to Europe. As additional conditions of the loan, the United States demanded Britain to give up the exchange control and make British currency full convertible. Similarly, America asked France to abandon the protectionism and allow freer imports and exports.Though these plans failed at last, the intention of America was obvious, contributing to freer international trade, more stable currency exchange and wider international cooperation. The Marshall plan i s claimed different from all the previous plans. First, the choice of whether to take it and how to use it is in the hands of Europe, and the role America played was just advisory. Second, the plan is a long-term strategic program, with the help of European recovery program. Third, the money attached to the plan is enormous, more than any previous United States oversea aid combined.If measured by GDP, the money cost 5% of American GDP, equal to 201 billion dollars in 2004. If measured with the value of dollars, the money is worth 100 billion dollars in 2004. Fourth, the plan is a larger European-scale plan, involved many countries into the plan simultaneously. Nevertheless, compared to the past plans, the declaration of the Marshall plan is another form or another positive exam of the same intention. Opinions of whether to declare the Marshall plan was initially divided within the United States.However, new dealers in most post-war administration favored the plan and viewed it as an opportunity to reconstruct Europe in Americas image. The program of productivity mission, funded by the Marshall plan, was to bring technical Europeans to jibe the American way of economy and business. New dealers in America expected these managers and technicians could take the atmosphere of free trade and business cooperation back to Europe. Underlying the aim of Americanization of Europe, the pursuit of restoring long-term trade partner is more essential reason.A CIA director Allen Dulles said the plan supposes that we desire to help restore a Europe which can and will compete with us in the world markets and for that very reason will be able to buy substantial amounts of our products. the establishment of close at hand(predicate) ties for America with Europe could facilitate future business and political communication, and the decrease in distinction and gap could decrease the possibility of quarrel and war. In conclusion, the declining European economy led to the increasing attraction of communism.Faced with the sinking Europe and aggressive Soviet Union, the American government was pushed to launch the Marshall plan. Aligned with Truman doctrine, it is a diplomatic strategy of America to suppress the expansion of Soviet Union and maintain the common interests of Europe and America. Attached with the plan, there are also American shape for a prosperous international trade and cooperation within the western bloc without the interference from Soviet Union. The threats of communism are the main direct external portion that makes the plan available through the congress.The desire for a trade-free Europe and the presumably impossible negotiation with Soviet Union are the main reasons that make the plan come into being. The potential benefits of advancing America-Europe relationships and shaping a freer trade atmosphere are ambitious goals of the new dealers and the plan proves to have subtle but far-reaching lick on the integration of Europe. Word coun t 1879 Bibliography Calbraith John, 1998. Interview with prof. J k. Galbraith, 28/11/95 12 November 2012 Debouzy Marianne . 1998. interview with Madame Marianne Debouzy 11 November 2012 Eichengreen B. et al. , The Marshall Plan stinting Effects and Implications for Eastern Europe and the Former USSR, in economical Policy, 7, (1992) pp. 13-75 online available from 18th October 2012 Ellwood, David W. The Impact of the Marshall Plan, History 74 (October 1989) pp. 42736. Hitchcock, W.I, The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 1 (2010) pp. 154-174. Hogan Michael J. The Marshall Plan America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952 (New York 1987) Judit, T. , The rehabilitation of Europe in Postwar A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York, 2006) pp. 63-99. Milward, A. S. (1989) Was the Marshall Plan Necessary? In Diplomatic History, pp. 231252. Online available from 25th October 2012Parrish S. D. The turn toward confrontation the soviet reaction to the Marshall plan, 1947 in cold war international history project working papers series ,9 (1994) 1 . Barry Eichengreen, et al. , The Marshall plan economic effects and implications for Eastern Europe and the former USSR, in Economic Policy, 714 (1992), pp. 16-18 2 . Quoted inWilliam Hitchcock, The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West, in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 18 (2010),p. 156 3 . Ibid. , p. 157 4 . Ibid. , p. 155 5 .Tony Judt, The rehabilitation of Europe, in Postwar A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York,2006), p. 91. 6 . Ibid. , p. 95. 7 . Quoted inWilliam Hitchcock, The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West, in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 18 (2010),p. 156. 8 . Calbraith John, 1998. Interview with prof. J k. Galbraith, 28/11/95 12 November 2012 9 . Debouzy Marianne . 1998. interview with Madame Marianne Debouzy 11 November 2012 10 . Tony Judt, The rehabilitation of Europe , p. 91. 11 . Ibi d. , p. 93. 12 . Quoted in Tony Judt, The rehabilitation of Europe, p. 94.

Economic development Essay

Today, commandment is the most pregnant tool for the victimization of society. There is a direct correlation between education and instruction of society. The countries that realize this fact, giving the required importance for their education system, have become high-pitchedly developed. Education should be promoted since it is the most important factor for the development of a country. The promotional material of the education is depended on the factors like literacy rate in a country, school day rate in the primary, secondary and higher education, proliferation of training technologies, and the quality of the education.This promotion process should be considered as a necessary condition for economic, technological and brotherly development for a nation. In other words, the process of a successful development depends on the fact of gibing the society a conscious of change which is highly connected to education. Fist of all, education enlightens people. The educated person is the person who improves oneself. A person increases her/his level of knowledge through education, so he/she has a better understanding and analyzing of daily matters and an agenda.That person cornerstone make logical deductions establish on the knowledge he gains and refuses the traditional corrupted understanding. Individuals ability of the interpretation of knowledge through ones intelligence and skills is support by education accordingly, increasing the creativity and intellectual thinking. An individual can bring out almost different cultures, lifestyles and history from past to present hence education provides universal perspective to an individual. The most important differential of uneducated person is having a narrow point of view.A person should be educated in order to learn taking objective decisions and being liberated from the social pressure. Besides, educated people respect the rights of others and they have a fair understanding of the concept of equality, right to life, and right to property. The reason why developed countries show highly respect to the individual rights is that the education level of the country is being fairly high. On the other hand, the reason why there are deep inequalities between women and men or rich and poor in under-developed countries is that the education level in there is being fairly low.Besides, there is also a lack of respect to the human rights in these under-developed countries due to low education level. Secondly, education affects the development of science and technology of a country. Technological developments increase by knowledge and research which is provided by education. It is the advancement and proliferation of technology that makes countries developing by the production of knowledge, schooling of creative minds leads countries develop economically, technologically and politically.Education, advancement of technology and development are in a circle movement which produces itself. Cakmak also s ays that as a expiry of the creation of science and technology, mobility of scientific knowledge, and nurturing of individuals with creative minds, countries have experienced important economic and political changes which lead to infinitive competition among them in the fields of education, development and universe (Cakmak O. 2008).In addition, developed countries use technology as a part of their education system. Thus, every student can follow technology and learn about the newest advancements which lead them learn better and improve their intelligence. Finally, education leads knowledge turn into money that improves the economy of a country. Educated people knowing to learn how to invest, produce, run the business adjusts and improves the economy causing the increase of gross domestic product per capita.Education also gives more job opportunities to people in the business sector. check to OECD, the effect of education to the economic development is proved in the researches of economic growth in 1960s. The researches show that contribution of education to the economic growths is really important and this percentage differs as %7 in England, %15 in USA, %14 in Belgium, %16 in Argentina, and %25 in Canada (OECD, 2005). Some may palisade that education does not affect the economic development of a country.There are lots of uneducated but successful business men. People can learn how to run a business without an education. To illustrate, Sak? p Sabanc? , who is the founder and chairman of the Sabanc? Holding due to the reason suffering from pneumonia three successive years, had to leave the high school and start to work in BOSSA Flour Factory in 1950 with a wage of 50 TL (NTV Haber). Considering his life, it is obvious that one can learn how to run a business without education.Hence, it is not only education but also experience that makes one successful in business. All in all, economic, social and technologic development of a country is highly related to t he education level of that country. Without education, a country can not develop. The only way of individuals enlighten and learning to use knowledge, and increase of technology is education. Thus, education should be promoted since it is the most important factor for the development of a country. Oznur Sakar.

Amma Unavagam

Growth through CARS Initiatives Pfizer is the solid grounds largest and one of the most admired pharmacy companies with an income of about US $52 Ban in 2013. In 2001 when wry Hank McKinley took over as Chairman and CEO of the community, Pfizer was very stable and financially sound. It was poised to become the worlds largest pharmaceutical company with revenues doubling In the next cardinal years. But the CEO had other serious challenges to contend with.In response to these challenges, Dry McConnell formulated a new mission of Pfizer to become the worlds most valued company not Just to Investors, patients and customers but withal, to employees, partners and communities where we live and work. In line with this mission, Pfizer became the first pharmacy company and one the first corporate in the world to scratch up for support for the LINE Global Compact (UNC). UNC among other things envisages that businesses should 1. Support and respect the protection of internationally procla imed human rights and 2.Uphold the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. To deliver on his commitments to these principles of UNC, Dry McKinley created and launched Its The Global Health Fellows Program (GAFF) In 2003 under his personal oversight. Under this program, Pfizer would send their skilled employees to ontogenesis countries on short term assignments (2 3 months) to help Noose there build health and social infrastructure in communities ravaged by several(a) dreaded diseases.These employees would transfer their professional, medical and business expertise to the Noose in such a way that the Noose would learn to promote more effectual access to quality health services for the needy. Starting with mere 18 people in 2004, today over 300 Pfizer employees participate in assignments in 45 countries in partnerships with 40 international development organizations. Experience shows that through GAFF initiative, the MONGO partners gained expertise in capacity-building analysis, protrudening and training that they couldnt otherwise afford.This helped them to Identify health trends and plan Interventions, enhanced their drug-trial competence helping them attract more western resources, and manage their programs better. International social cause as good corporate citizen. The Program became a personnel development tool. Returning volunteers came home with new operational and business insights as well as better understanding of the companys stakeholder including patients, communities, medical professionals and MONGO etc around the world especially in emerging markets.This in turn contributed to better policy making and program planning including bringing better AIDS therapies to the market. This program also served as a valuable recruitment and retention tool. It also helped build better relationships with legislative and regulatory authorities. Interestingly, the success of the GHB Program enthused Pfizer to include reports of charitable access programs in their financial reports to the investors.

Electrical Resistance

JMJ MARIST BROTHERS NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY MARIST AVENUE, GENERAL SANTOS CITY MULTITESTER Instrumentation and Control CpE 511 NAME KURT RUSSEL C. CHUASeptember 01, 2012 CYNTHIA C. GONZAGADate of Submission INSTRUCTOR ENGR. JAY S. VILLAN, MEP-EE Introduction A multitester or multi molarity is a thingummy which can be used to gather data about electrical sets. A basic multitester can measure resistance, voltage, and continuity while more advanced versions may be able to provide additional data.This tool can be very useful to drop around the house, and anyone who plans on doing electrical repairs should around definitely use a multitester for safety campaigns. Multitesters can be used with the current off or on in most cases, although using the braid with the current on can some clock times result in damage to the device. Theory Ammeters are employed for measuring current in a circuit and connected in series with the circuit. As ammeter is connected in series, the vo ltage drop across ammeter terminals should be as low as possible.This requires that the resistance of the ammeter should be as low as possible. The current coil of ammeter has low current carrying capacity whereas the current to be metric may be quite high. For this reason a low resistance is connected in parallel to the current coil. Voltmeters are employed to measure the potential difference across any ii points of the circuit these are connected in the parallel to the circuit. The resistance of voltmeter is kept very high by connecting a high resistance in series of the voltmeter with the current coil of the instrument.The actual voltage drop across the current coil of the voltmeter is only a fraction of the total voltage applied across the voltmeter which is to be measured. An ohmmeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the resistance placed between its leads. The resistance reading is indicated through a mechanical meter movement which operates on electric current. Th e ohmmeter must then have an internal source of voltage to create the necessary current to operate the movement, and also have appropriate ranging resistors to allow just the right amount of current through the movement at any given resistance.One major problem with this design is its combine upon a stable battery voltage for accurate resistance reading. If the battery voltage decreases, the ohmmeter scale will lose accuracy. Conclusion Aside from using devices such(prenominal) asmultitester, the resistance value of aresistor can be determined by its color coding. There are small differences between measured and color coded values of the resistances. These differences may be caused by some factors such as the multitester used in the experiment and some mistakes made by the experimenters.It is a good deal easier to read the resistance value of a resistor through a digital multitester than by using an analog multitester and by color coding. In addition, in using an analog multiteste r, you have to first consider the range of the resistance and make the zero-ohm adjustment in each and every reading. In that case, that is the only time youcan acquire the resistance value after aslight inconvenient process. Pictorial Calculation For Ammeter * 0. 25A R1=99mV0. 25A R1= 0. 96 ? * 25mA R2=99mV25mA-R1 R2= 3. 564 ? * 2. 5mA R3=99mV2. 5mA-R2-R1 R3= 35. 64 ? For DC Voltmeter * 2. 5V R1=2. 5V49. 5A-Rm R1= 48, 505. 05051 ? * 10V R2=10V49. 5A-Rm-R1 R2= 151,515. 1515 ? * 50V R3=50V49. 5A-Rm-R1-R2 R3= 808,080. 8081 ? For AC Voltmeter * 10V Im=49. 5A0. 637 Im= 77. 70800628A R1=1. 41410-1. 477. 70800628A-Rm R1=161,947. 0707 ? * 25V R2=1. 41425-1. 477. 70800628A-Rm R2= 434,891. 9192 ? * 250V R3=1. 414250-1. 477. 70800628A-Rm R3= 4,529,064. 646 ?

Evolutionary Psychology Essay

Just as in the past a brilliant scientist and researcher William Harvey was able to find the position that it is the subject matter that is responsible for pumping blood through the benevolent body, psychologists of today have been able to find out and to prove the fact that cognition has a specific and specialized structure. These psychologists be known as evolutionary psychologists, and it is this team of experts that have floated the theory that cognitive structure, like physiological structure, has followed, through the centuries, the all important process of inborn selection.This was how it has been able to extend and engage in reproduction through the years. What exactly is evolutionary psychology? It is a science that focuses on disc everyplaceing the evolved process of the nervous systems of hu military man existences, bringing into focus the fact that the human wizardry is a only organized structure, just like tissues in any living organism atomic number 18 ful ly organized. In other words, it is the opinion of evolutionary psychologists that the human genius is composed of several functional per centums, make to facilitate the survival and the reproduction of that particular organism.Therefore, this can be taken to mean that the human brain is not an organ with mavin single function, but rather as an organism made up of a large number of fully functioning parts. In general, evolutionary psychologists refer to the functional components of organisms as adaptations, and this is the term applied to the functions of the human brain as well. (Hagen, Edward 2004) It is evident therefore that evolutionary psychology refers to a particular approach to psychology, which uses the accepted principles of evolutionary biology to research the design and the workings of the human mind.It can be described as an approach, or a way of thinking, which can be applied to any subject within it. (Cosmides, Leda, Tooby, John 1997) What are the primary activit ies of evolutionary psychologists? Charles Darwin had this to say, in the year 1859, In the distant future, I see open fields for far more important researches. Psychology give be based on a new-fashioned foundation, that of the necessary acquirement of each mental power and capacity by gradation. Darwin had foreseen the advances that would be made in the field of psychology in the future, and the science of evolutionary psychology was one of his predictions that came true. As mentioned earlier, evolutionary perspectives on human psychology are a part of the larger theory of general selection, and this field has led to greater scientific advancements in areas like sociobiology and ethnobotany, among others. Evolutionary psychologists have to find answers to questions such as how, wherefore and when did human consciousness evolve, are there any differences between the psychology of men and women, and if so, what are they? ar there any differences between the psychologies of variou s races and ethnicities? Are there are adaptive explanations for human looks such as aggressiveness, self destructiveness and so on? Is it true that human consciousness is evolving today, as it has been steadily over the past hundreds and thousands of years? Is it true that human intelligence is inherited, and is it at all in any way influenced by ones environment? pile the theories of evolutionary psychology accurately describe and explain the reasons behind the common phobias among human beings? One must remember however that several sociologists, anthropologists and psychologists are completely wary of using and understanding the new evolutionary perspective on human brains and behaviors, perhaps because in their opinion, evolutionary psychologists tended to adapt theories from the animal world and ease up them to humans, and similarly, tended to generalize the principles of evolution in a much too dramatic fashion.(Evolutionary Psychology 2003) these are the basic of evolutio nary psychology theory Darwins contrast with modification theory, Hamiltons inclusive fitness theory, Maynard Smiths game theory, and Trivers optimization theory. Take for example the theory of inclusive fitness. This is also referred to as kin selection, and therefore forms an important element of evolutionary psychology. Kin selection explains away the fact of altruism and philanthropy, by stating that all genes are invariably selfish, and that an individual is in reality nothing but a genes survival machine.Nevertheless, since a gene would automatically be passed on to the next generation, if the person who is carrying that gene survives in order to reproduce, or even if any of the several other relatives of the surviving individual survive and reproduce, thereby passing on the gene to the next generation. According to Maynard Smith, this may be the reason why a lapwing will fake being injured in order to lure a predatory hawk away from its offspring, thereby acting in an altr uistic manner towards its young.This type of altruism may also benefit non-relatives, because it is an acknowledged fact that the members of the same species will help take care of the youngsters of the species, even if they are not related in any way. The reason why this happens may be because of the fact that the evolved mechanism may not be sufficiently complex to make fine discriminations of this kind. This may be why some people like to take care of pets, while some do not. The people who do have pets are in fact allowing their caretaking mechanism to be exploited.Evolutionary psychology has also been applied into another(prenominal) important are aggression of the human being. It is an accepted fact that cozy rivalry often leads to blatant aggression, and most violent deaths are caused by man killing another man, or man killing a cleaning lady in the name of sexual tension and rivalry. In such a case, violence may be taken to refer to be just one strategy in the plethora of m ale coercive tools, coercion being the direct result of sexual proprietorship and possessiveness.Men who allow themselves to be cuckolded would wherefore be considered losers of the zero-sum evolutionary game that human beings play in their desire to make sure that their genes get into the next generation. Men use violence as a tool to stop and prevent their mates from sexually engaging with other men, because although maternity is always a given, paternity may not be proven. It is this same principle that works in the case of step-children and their adoptive fathers.These fathers have no interest in their step children, because they are not carrying their genes onto the next generation, and reenforcement another mans child may mean that this man is working in opposition to his evolutionary interests. History can prove to man that in general, step fathers indulge in greater violence and aggression towards their step children than towards their biological children, the primary reas on being that of ensuring that his genes are carried forward, and not another mans.(Evolutionary Psychology 1998) According to evolutionary psychologists, there is a lack of fit between the current environment and the adaptation of the brain. In their opinion, if the brain is an adaptation, thence there could be no doubt that at some time back in time, there existed some sort of selection for brain mechanisms, which in effect transformed information about environment and its conditions, into human behaviors that could adapt and change in accordance with the requirements of the situation and environment.Selection, however took place because of the manner in which they responded to the environment at the time in which they were selected. Therefore, this theory can be taken to imply that because environmental conditions are different today, the information that is input to the brain is different as well, and as a direct consequence, the brain may respond by generating behavior that may not be adaptive to the new conditions in which it finds itself.Failure to adapt may occur in two ways either the brain could continue to produce the same older behavior under the newer conditions given, or the brain could produce new behavior that responded to the new information coming in, and the behavior could fail to be of the adaptive sort. This is in fact a rather common behavioral pattern, and when conditions change, the response becomes different from what the designers intended, like for example, as demonstrated by sophisticated computer programs, designed to perform a variety of complicated tasks, are also programmed to produce adaptive outputs as a direct response to certain key commands.At the same time, a new input could confuse the computer and prompt it into giving a completely nonsensical and non-adaptive output in response. In human beings, as evolutionary psychologists theorize, there is in place an evolved behavioral predisposition to make sure that reproductive success is always at its highest level, but this conflates the theory that the human brain was designed through a process of selection, as mentioned earlier. (Buller J David n. d)

Characterization of the Film Sling Blade

The scene in Sling Blade which our come apart watched effectively created characterization for the character known as Carl. To begin the scene, it starts with Carl sitting and listening to a bloke in the same institution. A doctor interrupts his talking and says there ar some people for you to regain. The look on the objet dart interrupted is dumbfounded. I can infer this is because Carl doesnt receive many visitors. This is the composes first note of characterization. It shows that Carl wasnt a very popular man.Also throughout the scene there are dimmed lights, which make the audience believe that Carl is a dark person. He killed a man, and he never talks, all daunting characteristics which also contribute to the dark persona Carl seems to be carrying. The doctor continues to talk to Carl with precautions in the beginning they enter the interviewing fashion. He does this by using a tranquil voice and informing Carl its a woman which makes us question Carls character. Carl cou ld be sexist, he might have killed a woman, or the doctor may just be saying this to persuade Carl into going.The doctor then enters a room with two women, he makes one of them leave, he turns the lights off, and then informs the interviewer that Carl doesnt like to answer questions. The detail that the doctor is taking so many reforms to reassure Carls satisfaction is rightly acknowledged by the interviewer when she asks what is stopping him from cleanup spot again. It also proves that the minor details shown by the doctor are proof that he doesnt believe Carl is desex to leave. This is a massive reflection on Carls character, showing that he is like a click time bomb waiting to explode.Carl finally enters the room and the audience is able to hear his first words. The alteration can be felt by the viewer when the camera focuses in on Carl. His speech is raspy, and he is confined in his posture, fiddling with his hands. This shows low self-esteem which is also conveyed in his i nterview. He opens up to everyone in the room. He expresses his difficult childhood which creates empathy and pathos within the audience. This is the main transition, when the audience starts to feel sorrow towards the man who grew up in the barn, who was picked on in school, and who was fed pretty regular.The man sounds as if he was being raised as an animal, and yet the way he conveyed his story sounded as if he was self-satisfied with the way his parents raised him. Carl characterized his dad by saying my father was a hard working man, more(prenominal) than I can say for myself. This describes Carl as a man with values. This intriguing man, known as Carl, has been characterized by many separate factors. All of which create someone who has great psychological obstacles which can make the norm person understand further why Carl committed the crime he did.

Talented Tenth

The Talented 10th by W. E. B. Dubois is a prime illustration of the twentieth centurys evolving opinions and problems. Dubois aids in demonstrating the development propositions that helped inspire new advancement in the area of revitalizing the black hotfoot. The Talented Tenth was a speech intended to identify and explain the role of the talented ten portionile of the black race in relation to its evolvement. It helps confirm the situation and its dire need for improvement.Dubois suggests that the blacks means of liveliness could be positively adjusted by constructing a group of blacks composed of the top ten percent of exceptional men. These men would be college-educated and would assist in renovating the somber state of the black race. They would aid in leading the blacks to salvation, through illuminating and validating their intellectual capability to whites. Proving this would also include Duboiss function to not only educate the blacks, but to enhance their sense of pur pose and the character of each individual.Therefore, whites would feel been exposed to the blacks competence in intent, through Duboiss talented tenth. This draft provided an idea that if pursued, an physical exertion and goal for black people would be available. The example, the talented tenth, would positively affect the lives of both whites and black. Therefore, Duboiss speech was an indispensable document in the twentieth century. The Talented Tenth was a textbook mould of the twentieth century on many levels.It clearly identified the problems, methods and suggestions to evolution to a positive way of life for the black race. What the talented tenth consisted of and how it would carry the race to a better way of life were also discussed and analyzed in Duboiss speech. The Talented Tenth compacts the twentieth centurys problems, solutions, ideas, and opinions into a neat package, making it a key literary draft in the history of the America.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas: Before the Dark Hour

A summons from the son in the striped pyjamas Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of primer coat grows. This acknowledgment states that when you are a kid you do not know much about causal agency or understand sarcasm and things like that and so the other part of the quote means that alternatively of reason a sister understands provided what they teach for themselves of what people have told them. This quote is not set aside for the pullulate because in the claim Bruno goes and see a film clip made by the Germans as a joke.And even after seeing it, all in all the men in the room are express emotion about it he still did not understand what was actually going on. So this quote is not tolerate because as the quote says, childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, and Bruno is not the only child in the movie. Brunos sister is only a little bit old than him and she believes everything completely. This quote is con trary for this film because the quote says, Before the dark hour of reason grows and in the film when Bruno and Gretel got the tutor, it was hard to see that Gretel is older than him and she got brainwashed.To see a kid who is younger than her not get brainwashed even though the quote says that before the dark hour of reason grows, showing that this quote is inappropriate. This quote fits nicely for the film because the film is about a child who is gullible and recovers that everything that he is told or has seen is true hands bulge out until proven otherwise. So the film is good because he does not understand reason and because he only understands what he experiences over what is logical and obviously right to someone older like his sister.This quote is appropriate for the film because at the end of the quote it says before the dark hour of reason grows. That part of the film is very fitting because all of the adults even the big sister who is only a bit older than Bruno knows t he truth about the farm. At the end of the film when the adults come looking for Bruno, Mother tries not to list to reason that something has happened to Bruno that would result in the end of his life. So that is the part of the film that most fits the end of the quote that I mentioned. Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows. When you think about the quote and look at the points for and against it being appropriate there are more binding reasons for the quote to be considered a good fit for the film. I personally think that he quote is fitting for the film because when you watch the movie and then read the quote you can see all of the similarities between the movie and the quote. By Emma Fletcher

MGM project

Leading the enter for the MGM tuition group will be Rampages Campgrounds swan music director in charge of overseeing the entire project exploitation to fruition. Brian Jason Financial Development Consultant will be heading the financial aspect of the project by the establishment of alliances with market partners that specialize in repair and vacation promotion and financing. Sales literature will take multiple avenues of distribution, but sole development of the literature will fall on the resorts marketing team headed by Logan Spears Marketing Development and advancement Distribution.The Marketing team will also oversee any third party project consultants for the makeup concerning promotion. Head of Business Development and Sales Angelo Mainlander will be in charge of placement and executing opening promotions and sales for the MGM Aquatics project developing personal relationships with the projects major investors and shareholders providing up to date development informatio n. As well as the development of customer incentive projects after the completion of the initial, project.Any additional duties dealing with the implementation and success of the project will be delegated to the us porting cast of the organization to obtain precise responsibility and maximum effectiveness. Milestones Funds secured for project implementation Project engineering schematics and Plans Permits and Licenses obtained Work force true and secured project rolled out Ground breaking Publication and marketing campaign launch Project Completion and Grand Opening Evaluation and Control Metrics The project must have the office to assess the recommended market plan, and the methods of monitoring and assessing performance and success.The purpose of the evaluation and control metrics allows developers to create the incumbent checks and balances needed to guide the organization through completion of the project. The following areas will monitor the performance of the project afte r completion in an effort to gauge performance. Market Share / First to Market military group Occupancy Rate Monthly and Annual Revenue Monthly and Annual Expenses Monthly and Annual context of use specific performance gauges, the developers are able to correct any misguided investments before, during, and after the completion of the project.